Sciatica is a syndrome characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttocks and into the lower extremities (back of thighs, calves, and/or feet) along its posterior or lateral aspect and most commonly caused by a prolapse of the intervertebral disk.

Sciatica is usually caused by irritation of a nerve root of the sciatic nerve, often from compression of a disc or degenerative disease.

The sciatic nerves are long, large nerves that run from the lower part of the spine, in what are called nerve "roots." The nerves run down through each of the buttocks and all the way down the backs of the legs. If something compresses or pinches the nerve roots, it can cause lower back pain as well as pain in the buttocks and legs

Sciatica is also used to refer to pain anywhere along the course of the sciatic nerve.

If sciatic pain is a chronic problem, then you need to talk with your doctor about a long-term approach. These days, doctors consider back surgery a method of last resort, but sometimes it is necessary. There are also a number of things you can do to prevent back problems.